Monoethylamine, also known as ethylamine, aminoethane, ethaneamine. Colorless liquid, flammable, volatile and ammonia odor. It can be arbitrarily miscible with water, alcohol and ether, used to make dyes, rubber accelerators, surfactants, and also used to make pesticides simazine and atrazine.
Physical and chemical properties
A colorless, highly volatile liquid with the smell of ammonia and alkaline.
Melting point -81℃, boiling point 16.6℃, relative density 0.6828 (20/20℃), flash point -52℃, spontaneous ignition point 290.83℃, critical temperature 183.2℃, critical pressure 5.45MPa, refractive index 1.3663.
It is miscible with water, ethanol and ether.
It has the toxicity of general amine compounds, and the flammability limit in the air is 3.5%-14%.
Preparation method
(1) Ethanol (gas phase) ammoniating method: feed ethanol and ammonia in a ratio of 4:1, at a reaction temperature of 350-400℃, pressure of 2.45-2.94MPa, and alumina as a dehydration catalyst. In addition to the formation of ethylamine, side reactions generate diethylamine, triethylamine, ether, acetonitrile and ethylene. The crude product obtained by condensing the reaction gas is distilled by ammonia to distill ethylamine with a content of more than 95%. Generally, 50% aqueous solution is used as a commercial product, and each ton of 50% aqueous solution consumes about 1400 kg of ethanol (95%).
(2) Acetaldehyde and hydrogen ammoniating method: using acetaldehyde, hydrogen and ammonia as raw materials, nickel as a catalyst for reaction to produce ethylamine. First, a structured catalyst with nickel as the main catalyst, reduced copper, reduced chromium as a promoter and kaolin as a carrier is loaded into the reactor, and acetaldehyde is introduced at a space velocity of 0.03-0.15L·h-1 and the hydrogen is combined with the acetaldehyde. The ratio is 5:1, and the ratio of ammonia and acetaldehyde is 0.4-3:1. The raw material is gasified and enters the reactor at 80°C. The reaction temperature is controlled between 105-200°C. The product is cooled at -5°C and separated to obtain mono-, di-, and triethylamine. Since monoethylamine is formed faster than diethylamine and triethylamine, it is easier to obtain a large amount of ethylamine. When the main product is required to be diethylamine or triethylamine, the generated monoethylamine needs to be recycled to the reaction system for reaction.
Use
Used in the production of pesticide triazine herbicides, including atrazine and simazine.
It is also used in the production of dyes, rubber accelerators, surfactants, antioxidants, ion exchange resins, aircraft fuels, solvents, detergents, lubricants, metallurgical beneficiaries, and cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Toxicity and safety
When this product is burned, the substance decomposes to produce toxic gas containing oxynitride. The dermal LD of hare is 500.39ml/kg, and the oral LD of mouse is 400mg/kg. The aqueous solution is strongly alkaline, reacts fiercely with acid and is corrosive, reacts fiercely with strong oxides and organic matter, and causes fire and explosion hazards, and corrodes many non-ferrous metals and plastics.
Packaging, storage and transportation
Storage instructions: barrels and containers containing monoethylamine must be made of iron or steel plates. Avoid co-exposure with oxidants and acids, keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep the place ventilated, cool, and prevent sun and rain.
Packing: Packed in iron drums, each with a net weight of 150 kg.